Bacteria and Disinfectant

Aim: I want to investigate how different disinfectant concentrations can affect the growth and reproduction of micro-organisms.

Hypothesis: I predict that the stronger the concentration of the disinfectant, the more bacteria will be killed.

Fair test 

1. Which variable will be changed? (independent variable)

• The independent variable that I will be changing is the concentration of the disinfectant.

      2. How will the independent variable be changed?

• To changed the independent variable I will be adding nine drops of water in every disinfectant.

     3. Give a suitable range of values for this variables.

• On the spotting tile. On the first spot I will be putting 100% concentration of disinfectant. On the second spot the concentration of the disinfectant will be 10% because I will add nine drops of water on it. On the third spot the concentration of the disinfectant will be 1% because I will get 1 drop of disinfectant on the 10% then I will add nine drops of water. On the fourth spot, I will not put any disinfectant, I will just put ten drops of water.

     4. Which variable will have to be measured or observed in order to get some data or                          information from the investigation? (dependent variable)

• The dependent variable that I will be measuring is the clear zone using millimeters (mm) on the jelly of the agar plate.

     5. How will the dependent variable be measured or observed?

• If the clear zone is larger then the disinfectant stopped the bacteria from growing and it means it kills lot of bacteria.

     6. Other variables need to be controlled to make the result more accurate.

• The other variables that needed to be controlled are the temperature, concentration of savlon and disinfectant. Temperature need to be controlled to see if there are changes happening, It can be controlled by putting all the agar plate on one temperature which is inside an incubator. When all the agar plates were divide into four and labelled, It will have different concentrations of disinfectant, but for all the agar plates the concentrations needed to be the same as the other agar plates to see if the result will be the same. The disinfectant also needed to be controlled in other agar plates because if I use Savlon on one agar plate and Dettol on another agar plate, I think the result will not be fair and of course the result will not be the same. To control the disinfectant I will be using only Savlon.

Equipment: This is the list of all the stuff I need to do the experiment.

• Agar Plates
• Marker Pen
• Yogurt
• Puncher
• Paper disc
• Tweezers
• Savlon
• Sellotape
• Water
• Ethanol
• Pipette
• Spotting Tile
• Beaker
• Bunsen Burner 

Method: This is the step-by-step instructions of the experiment.

1. Divide the agar plate into four and label it 1, 2, 3 and 4 on the jelly side of the agar plate.
2. Spread the yogurt carefully on the top of the jelly in the agar plate using cotton buds. Then put the lid back on the agar plate.
3. On a spotting tile, on the first spot put 100% of Savlon.
4. On the second spot put one drop of 100% Savlon and nine drops of water. The concentration of the disinfectant in the second spot will be 10%.
5. Get one drop from the method 4 and put it on the third spot and put nine drops of water. The concentration of the disinfectant will be 1%.
6. Then on the fourth spot, don't put any disinfectant, just put ten drops of water. The concentration of the disinfectant will be 0%.
7. Get the puncher and the paper disc. So you will have four tinny paper disc.
8. Dip the tweezers on the ethanol and pass it through the fire. Wear safety glasses!
9. Using the tweezers pick one tinny paper disc and dip it to the 100% disinfectant.
10. Repeat step 8, then using the tweezers pick another tinny paper disc and dip it on 10% concentration of the disinfectant and slowly put it on the second spot of the agar plate. Then put the lid back of the agar plate.
11. Repeat step 8, pick another tinny paper disc using the tweezers and dip it on 1% concentration of the disinfectant. Then slowly put it on the third spot of the agar plate and put the lid back of the agar plate.
12. Then repeat step 8 again and pick another tinny paper disc, using the tweezers dip it on 0% concentration of the disinfectant. Slowly put it on the fourth spot of the agar plate, then put the lid back of the agar plate.
13. Put a sellotape around the agar plate to prevent on getting other bacteria's and to remind the student not to open it after the experiment.
14. Repeat step 1 to step 13 on the other two agar plates.

Result:

Concentration of Savlon	The radius of the circle around the disk
	1	2	3	Average
100%	6mm	7mm	7mm	6.7mm
10%	3mm	5mm	3mm	3.7mm
1%	4mm	4mm	2mm	3.3mm
0%	0mm	0mm	0mm	0mm

Analysis:

Conclusion:

This data shows the higher the concentration the larger the clear zone, which means the disinfectant kills lot of bacteria and stop the growth of bacteria.

I conclude that my hypothesis was correct because we can see on my graph that the higher or stronger the concentration of the disinfectant, the larger the clear zone, which means it really stops the growth of the bacteria. On my 100% disinfectant the clear zone is about 7 mm, so it really kills lot of bacteria and stopped the bacterial-growth. On 10% concentration of disinfectant it did kill bacteria but not a lot because it has water and just 10% disinfectant.

Discussion:
Savlon, is an antiseptic brand that contains two antiseptics, cetrimides and chlorhexidine gluconate. These agents were discovered and first developed by Imperial Chemical Industries. This is the disinfectant that we used for our experiment, this disinfectant stopped the bacteria from growing. Savlon is like Dettol but their active ingredients were different. On our experiment the ingredient cetrimide which is the active ingredient of disinfectant Savlon kills microbes by weakening their membranes and entering the cells. This is why the growth of the bacteria on our experiment stops.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savlon

The active ingredient in Savlon is cetrimide. Cetrimide is an antiseptic which is a mixture of different quaternary ammoniom salts including cetrimoniom bromide. It is used as a 1-3% solution for cleaning roadside accident wounds. It can also be used as an alcohol denaturant to make it difficult to drink. It is to be presumed that it has negative effects upon the digestive system or it taste bad. Cetrimide kills bacteria or stop bacteria by breaking the cell membrane. However, cetrimide is not beneficial against all bacteria. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetrimide

Bacteria cell structure, are unconnected to human beings as living things can be, in spite of that bacteria are essential to human life and life on planet Earth. Although they are notorious for their role in leading to human diseases, from tooth decay to the Black Plague, there are advantageous species that are key to good health. https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/bacteriacell.html

• Capsule - the outer layer which fortify the cell and aids in defence against immune system. Capsule play a number of roles, but the most important are to keep the bacterium from dying out and to defend it from massive microorganism.
• Cell wall - Strong layer which protects and provides the shape of the cell. The wall gives the cell its structure and adjoining the cytoplasmic membrane, defending it from the environment. It also helps to anchor appendages like the pili and flagella, which originate in the cytoplasm membrane and protrude through the wall to the outside.
• Cytoplasm - Gel-like material inside the cell which holds the cell continents. The cytoplasm, or protoplasm, of bacterial cells is where the functions for cell growth, metabolism, and replication are carried out.
• Cytoplasmic Membrane -  A layer of phospholipids and proteins, called the cytoplasmic membrane, encloses the interior of the bacterium, regulating the flow of materials in and out of the cell.
• Flagellum - (plural: Flagella) A Tail which aids in cell movement. It can be found at either or both ends of a bacterium or all over its surface. It helps the bacterium to move toward nutrients; away from toxic chemicals; or, in the case of the photosynthetic cyanobacteria; toward the light.
• Nucleoid - cell genetic information which codes essential life process.The nucleoid is a region of cytoplasm where the chromosomal DNA is located. It is not a membrane bound nucleus, but simply an area of the cytoplasm where the strands of DNA are found.
• Pili - small hairlike projections emerging from the outside cell surface. These outgrowths assist the bacteria in attaching to other cells and surfaces, such as teeth, intestines, and rocks. Without pili, many disease-causing bacteria lose their ability to infect because they're unable to attach to host tissue. Specialized pili are used for conjugation, during which two bacteria exchange fragments of plasmid DNA.
• Ribosomes - location of protein synthesis. Proteins are the molecules that perform all the functions of cells and living organisms

Reproduction of Bacteria, bacteria reproduce by binary fission. In binary fission the bacterium, which is the single cell will be divided into two daughter cell. It begins when the DNA of the bacterium replicates and the two daughter cell will have the identical DNA to the original cell. Bacteria can divide/grow every 20 minutes. 
http://microbiologyonline.org/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/bacteria

 

Growth and Nutrition of Bacteria, the bacterial growth is an asexual reproduction, or cell division, of a bacterium into two daughter cells. The two daughter cells were genetically identical to the original cell. Bacteria, require definite nutrients for growth. The nutrients for bacteria must contain chemical element that are unit of the cellular materials and that are required for the activity of enzyme and transport system. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4612-1072-6_1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_growth

Our experiment that we did is about bacterial-growth. The clear zone that we have on our agar plates is that it means the disinfectant stopped the bacteria from growing and kills some bacteria. When our agar plate doesn't have any disinfectant it has bacteria's that were growing but when we put the disinfectant it stops the bacteria from growing on the clear zone instead it grows on the side of the clear zone.

Evaluation:

The experiment went well because it proves that the disinfectant kill/stopped the growth of the bacteria. On the first day of observing the experiment, there was no changes in our agar plate, it is because the temperature is not good enough to see if the disinfectant really stopped/kill the bacteria. The solution that we made is that Mr.Stock put our agar plate inside an incubator which is 25 Degree Celsius. The next day we can see that there are changes in our agar plate, there were different size of clear zone in our agar plate. In our two agar plate there are weird result that didn't fit the pattern, it is the size of the clear zone on our first agar plate, on our 10% concentration of disinfectant the clear zone is 3 mm whereas on our 1% concentration of disinfectant the clear zone is 4 mm. We don't know how did it happen but I think maybe we just spread the concentration of the disinfectant a little bit on the agar plate that's why it become 4 mm. On our other agar plate the clear zone were weird (I forgot to take a picture) It has different size of clear zone because the disinfectant were spread on the jelly on the agar plate that's why the clear zone has different shape/size. We fix it by measuring the side of the paper disc, it has circle shape on the side and that's what we measure to have a measurement on that agar plate. What could we do next time is that we need to be careful putting the paper disc with concentration of the disinfectant on the agar plate, so it has better clear zone. 

Artist Model 1

Artist Model 

  

I choose Octavio Ocampo as my artist model because I like how he paint things and made it as optical illusion, like the photo above, he painted a flower that looks like a face of a woman.

Visual Art Research Questions

Artist: Octavio Ocampo

Daisy Field

Composition: The main focus is the flowers because it has unity means they belong together and they can make a face figure or illusion. It's a simple art because it has only flower and some bush in the background. Also it's asymmetrical.

Color: The color is cold because of the color light blue with white and black and it tends to appear calming . Also value is the dominant element in the art, the dominant value is light and it focuses are eyes in the flowers that is forming a face of a girl. The colors also create an emotional response which is the calm emotion.

Paint Application: Octavio Ocampo used to apply the paint in smooth way. In this painting Octavio applied the paint in smooth way because it seems like it doesn't have rough points. Blending is the technique used in the painting because it blends the color white with black and light blue. Octavio uses oil on his paintings. 

Tone: Octavio uses dark and light tonal value, the dark is the background and the light tonal value is the fog. The tone use to guide the viewer's eyes to the flowers. Peaceful, is the emotional effect of the tonal value. 

Form: The daisy flowers form into a woman face that seems like she is relaxing. The form is dramatic. The form shows volume because of the shading under the flowers. Also the form is convey a calm emotion that is she feels relax.

Shape: Octavio uses a shallow space in some of his paintings, this painting has a shallow space because some flowers are very close to the viewers. It has perspective device use it is the flowers that is overlapping to each other. Also there is no vanishing point.

Line: The quality of the line is soft because Octavio softly draw the flowers. The effect of the soft quality line is that it makes curve of movement of the flowers. The lines use to guide the viewer's eye to the flowers.

Surface: The surface of objects are very specific detail because Octavio try to explain that the flowers are calming and relaxing by painting it using flowers that makes a woman face. The detail of the flowers used to guide the viewer to see the woman face. The texture is almost the same.

Pictorial Position: I think Octavio Ocampo's intention is that he wants to explain to people that they can be relax like flowers and forget their problem for a moment and is connected to the flowers. Octavio use a particular theme like the painting above because he is relax and he forget his problem just for a moment. I think there is  social message that Octavio trying to communicate, that is you can forget everything just for a moment and sway like a flowers did when the wind is blowing.

A Wider Context: I think Octavio Ocampo paint the painting above because of his beliefs, I research about him why he paint illusion in which a scene create a outlines of face, I saw that his some paint is about a religion and it says that Octavio's painting is religious. Octavio has been influenced by historical events because he draw Jesus and other religious God's. Octavio's work is different to some artist work because he is focus on his beliefs. 

Symbolism: The object mean free of deep crises and governed. The symbol is personal because on my research it says Octavio has evolved by his own style that is 'free of deep crises and governed' . The relationship between symbols are harmonious because it fits to one another.

Personal Response: My response to the object is that It makes me feel relax and calm because of the color and the formation of the flowers. I think to those people who saw this they also might feel like it's relaxing and calming. I think the aspects I would like to use in my own work is that the background that gives a calming color.

Art theme ideas

Nature

Nature is important to us because it gave us food, clean air and a beautiful places to go. 

I choose nature because it's important to me or to all of us. It makes us healthy because it gives clean air so if we did not protect our beautiful and nice nature it will be so dry and dead. There is a thing that if you cut one tree you need to plant 100 trees because trees is so important to us. God gave us a beautiful nature so we need to take care of it.

I also feel like our nature is magical, when I was a child I always thought that there was a real dwarfs and fairies or something in the forest and some magical and nice palace with a clorful flowers and a nice rainbow. How I wish there is a real magical forest.